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- $Unique_ID{BRK03873}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ichthyosis, Peeling Skin Syndrome}
- $Subject{Ichthyosis, Peeling Skin Syndrome Continuing Skin Peeling Syndrome
- Disorder of Cornification 21 DOC 21 Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Congenita X-Linked
- Ichthyosis Psoriasis }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 575:
- Ichthyosis, Peeling Skin Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of this article (Peeling Skin
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM list to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Continuing Skin Peeling Syndrome
- Disorder of Cornification 21
- DOC 21
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Ichthyosis
- Ichthyosis Congenita
- X-Linked Ichthyosis
- Psoriasis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
- of this report.
-
-
- Peeling Skin Syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by the
- periodic shedding of the outer layer of the skin. Redness, itching and other
- features may also occur.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Patients with Peeling Skin Syndrome have skin that is thicker than normal.
- The disorder is characterized by the periodic shedding of the outer layer of
- the skin (stratum corneum). Redness (erythroderma) and itching (pruritus)
- may also occur. In some cases, newly formed hair can be plucked more easily
- than normal. Some patients with Peeling Skin Syndrome have short stature.
-
- Causes
-
- Peeling Skin Syndrome is a form of Ichthyosis, which is a group of hereditary
- skin disorders. This form of Ichthyosis is transmitted by autosomal
- recessive genes. (Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are
- the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received
- from the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the
- condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene
- for the same trait from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one
- gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but
- usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the
- children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is
- 25 percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as
- described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both
- normal genes, one from each parent, and will be genetically normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Peeling Skin Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers. It is a
- rare hereditary disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders may be similar to those of Peeling Skin
- Syndrome. Comparisons can be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- "Ichthyosis" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing
- a group of scaly skin disorders. They are characterized by an abnormal
- accumulation of large amounts of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer
- of the skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells
- into squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of
- skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
- cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
- mortar holding these cells together. (For more information, choose
- "Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
- Erythroderma; Xeroderma; Desquamation of Newborn) is an inherited skin
- disorder. It is characterized by generalized, abnormally red, dry and rough
- skin, with large, coarse scales. Itchiness (pruritus) usually also develops.
- Skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet is abnormally thick.
- (For more information, choose "Ichthyosis Congenita" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- X-Linked Ichthyosis is an inherited skin disorder affecting males, caused
- by a deficiency of the enzyme steroid sulfatase. This enzyme deficiency
- leads to biochemical alterations in steroid hormone metabolism. Cholesterol
- sulfate may accumulate in the blood and skin. (For more information, choose
- "X-Linked Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Other forms of Ichthyosis include Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, Netherton
- Syndrome, Ichthyosis Hystrix, Lamellar Ichthyosis, Refsum Syndrome, Darier
- Disease, Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome, Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome, and
- Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis. (Choose the appropriate name as your search
- term for more information on that disorder in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Psoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent skin disorder characterized
- by dry, well-circumscribed silvery gray scaling spots (papules) or plaques
- which usually appear on the scalp, elbows, or knees. (For more information,
- choose "Psoriasis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Peeling Skin Syndrome is treated by applying skin softening (emollient)
- ointments, preferably plain petroleum jelly. This can be especially
- effective after bathing while the skin is still moist. Salicylic acid gel is
- another particularly effective ointment. The skin should be covered at night
- with an airtight, waterproof dressing when this ointment is used. Lactate
- lotion can also be an effective treatment for this disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Drugs derived from Vitamin A (retinoids) such as tretinoin, motretinide, and
- etretinate can be effective against symptoms of Peeling Skin Syndrome, but
- can cause toxic effects on the bones in some cases. A synthetic derivative
- of Vitamin A, isotretinoin, when taken by pregnant women, can cause severe
- birth defects to the fetus. These Vitamin A compounds have not yet been
- approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of
- Ichthyosis.
-
- The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is
- looking for patients with various kinds of Ichthyosis willing to participate
- in research aimed at mapping the genes responsible for their disorder.
- Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Sherri Bale
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 402-2679
-
- The orphan product Monolaurin (Glylorin) is being tested for treatment of
- Peeling Skin Syndrome. The product is manufactured by;
-
- Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 371 Bel Marin Keys, Suite 210
- Novato, CA 94949
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Peeling Skin Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types, Inc. (F.I.R.S.T.)
- P.O. Box 20921
- Raleigh, NC 27619-0921
- (919) 782-5728
- (800) 545-3286
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED, GENERALIZED DISORDERS OF CORNIFICATION. THE
- ICHTHYOSES: M.L. Williams, et al.; Dermatol Clin (January 1987: issue 5(1)).
- Pp. 155-178.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 1027-1039.
-
- CONTINUAL SKIN PEELING SYNDROME: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY: A.K.
- Silverman, et al; Arch Dermatol (January 1986: issue 122(1)). Pp. 71-75.
-
- PEELING SKIN SYNDROME: A CLINICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
- STUDY: British Journal Dermatol (January 1987: issue 116(1)). Pp. 117-125.
-
-